Compbessob



May 1', 1923.

'.J. G. DE REMER Original Filed Jan. v16, 1918 BY MJLMW N f1 TTRNEY/S w Q@ Y V 4 u f l i l N w y? k NSW May 1, 1923.

J. G. DE REMER COMPRESSOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 original Filed Jan. 1e 1918 0M E Tf N N R m NZT 1 A www m 6. W. JM y. B

Reiuued'May 1, 1923.

UNITED '/,sTAT'E-s 'JAYGRANT DE KEMER, or GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT.

conrnnss'on,

origini application ated January 1e, isis, serial No. 212,113.

s, 191s, serial nb. 343,411. med Inn-eh at, 1923. serial No. 627,216.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAY GRANT D11 REMER, a citizen ofthe United States, a resident of Greenwich, county f Fairfield, andy State of Connecticut, formerly 'a resident' of the city and county of San Francisco, State of Cali- 'forn-ia, have inventedcertain new and useful Compressors, 'of which the following is a s ecication. 1o his ap lication is a division 'of myl ap- )lication eri'al No. 212,113, filed in the atent Oice on January 16, 1918, patent N0. 1,373-,174, Mar. 29, 1921.

The prese'nt invention relates to improvei 15 ments in fluid compressors or vacuum pumps of the type or classv in which separatev bodies of the fluid to be compressed or exhausted are successively forced through a helically formed conduit bythe action of similarly separated masses of a suitable compressor liv uid. Y

qOne of the objects of the invention is to provide an apparatus adapted for the purposes stated which does not require ,the use of valves,stuiling boxes, glands, piston. rings or external moving parts, suchas piston rods, valve stems', &c.

The apparatus is particularly advantageous for use with refrigerating apparatus and in the aforesaid parent application, I have shownseveral embodiments thereof for use with refrigerating appara-tus. but it is to be understood that the invention is no t so limited, but may be employed in various production of pressure ways and arts for the or vacuum. y

Theinvention possesses other advantageous features. some of which with the foregoing, will be set forth at lengthin the following description'. where I shall outline in fullthat form of the invention which I 4have selected for illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present s ecication. In said drawings I have s own two forms of the vapparatus of my invention but it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such forms` s'ince thev4 invention. as expressed in'the claims, may be embodied in other forms.

Referring to Said drawings Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a. compressor constructed in accordance with the present invention. f

F'g. 2 is alongitudinal section, on a larger joint.

Application for resisu'e portion of the compressor shown Referring first to Fig. 1', which illustrates a compressor embodying the invention detached from any other apparatus and which may b e considered as illustrating. more or less diagrammatically, the principle or method yof operation employed, 1 designates a shell or casing to the ends ofwvhich suitable-caps 2 3 are secured. Said casing is so supported'that it. is adapted to rotate bodily about the axis of a shaft 4 but does not rotate upon its own axis.

The compressor body, comprising the shell or casing 1 and end sections 2. 3,` is held at considerable angle to the axis' of 'shaft 4,' the cap vor 'end section 3 being shown' as connected 'to an arm 5 while an extension of the end 2 is supported on a bearing situated coincident with a prolongation of the axis of said shaft. In the form illustrated the shaft 4 is arranged horizontally and the end of the inclined compressor nearest the axis Divided and application led December Oriignal No. ,1,373,175, dated March 29, 1921.

of said shaft is supported by a universal i joint cou'iprisin'g a horizontal shaft 6 mounted at the upper end of a yoke supported to turn about a vertical axis in a base piece 7.

The weight of the several parts is balanced about the axis of shaft 4 by a counterweight 8 :'ndv on said shaft is secured apower wheel `or pulley 9.

lVithin the casing 1 is .provided a helical passage 10 which is gradually reduced, in

jacent the cap 2. to its delivery end. As

shown this passage is formed by a peripheral groove or thread on a tubular body 11 which. fits tightly within the shell or casing 1. In

area, or cross section, from its inlet end, ad-

the end of said body. 'Said sleeve is of such having a plurality length that it extends tothe :end wall of the section 2yand is'also ittedonthe'end of a conduit 14 by which the fluid to be coinpressed is supplied tp the chamber within the cap or end section 2. QA collar 15 is screwed into a socket. at -the lower end -ofA body 11, vabout the conduit 12, said collar of inwardly projecting radial studs or pins that` contact with the` conduit and assist in'maintaining it inthe desired relation to the body 11,

i The supply conduit 14 through which the fluid to be compressed'i'ssupplied to the ap- -the passage '10 paratus communicates with thechamber in the end section 2 adjacent the inlet end 'of through a plurality of radially extending ducts 16. A series of longitudinally extending ducts 17in the body of the coupling sleeve 13 connect the passage surrounding the conduit 12 with the interor of the 'tubular extension of the end member 2 to provide a passage 'for the compressed luid from the space surrounding the Vconduit 12 which communicates with 'the' chamber in the head. or end section 3.

18-19 desi nate, pipes or tubes or supplying'tluid to be cornpressed to the conduit 14 and for the escape of compressed fluid from rthe space surrounding said conduit. l

A body .20 of suitable liquid, for example mercury, is introduced into the chamber in the end or. head 2 and as the shaft 4 is revolved separate masses of such liquid will under the action of centrifugal force successively enter the passage 10 and act to com- 'press the intermediate -bodies of fluid received therein from the chamber about the coupling sleeve 13. The compressed fluid and mercurywill be separated in the space surrounding the enlargement on the end' of the conduit 12 the mercury being forced back through said tube,fagainst the centrifugal force. by the pressure generated. until it reaches the ducts 16 through which it passes into the chamber surrounding .the coupling sleeve 13 thus completing its circuit. The compressed fluid passes through the space surrounding the conduit 12 and the ducts 17 into the tubular .extension of the end sec'- tion 2 and to the pipe19.

In operationthe mercury passes downf ward through the helicallpassage 10 into the casing 3 and thence backwardh up the tube 12 and through the passages 16 into the casing 2, where it again enters the helical passage. The apparatus is charged with sufficient mercury, so that, y when operating, there is always mercury present in the casing 2 and, as long as mercury is presentinA 4this-casing, it will enter thelielical passage andbe forced through said passage, by the.

movement of the jhelix about the axisof the ."shaft 4, into 'the casing 3;. The amount of mercury present is sufficient to insurefillingrespectively, lexible the tube 12, and to insure sufficientmercury in casing-2' to feed Vthelielical groove and, in casing 3, to seal the lower opening of the 'tube 12 and to y provide for the proper amount of mercury in the helical tube. 7When the device is-started, mercury is present in the annular passagesurrounding the tube 12 but, upon initial ',rotation. centrifugal force movesy the mercury in the casing 3 to uncover the lower end of the annular vtissage and, as fluid under pressure is forced into the casing 3, this 'fluid enters the annular passage `and forces the mercury therefrom into the casing 3. y

lWith the shaft 4 rotating, the mercury `must pass 'through the helical tube. `The.

passage of .this mercury builds up a pneumatic pressure or vapor pressure in the cas.

ing 3, which pressure .isexerted on the mercury in the casing 3, operating t-o move themercury up the tube 12. The vapor or gas.

under pressure fills the annular passage surrounding the tube 12,s1nce this passage` opens into the casing 3 above theA mercury level.

The presence of` the'vapor pressure or pneumatic pressure in the `casing 3 .1n-M

sures the backward flow of .'the mercury. through the tube 12 into the casing 2. the interior of which is at approximately atmospheric pressure.. The circulation of the merciir is due to two causes; rst, the prcsence sutlicient mercury to cause a back flow and, second. the pneumatic or. vapor pressure produced in the casing It has .been determined, experimentally, that the mercury will flow through the tube 10 upon rotation of the apparatus regardless of the pressure condition in the casing 3. The outlet conduit 19 has been closed, per- -mitting a pneumatic pressure to buildup inV the casing 3. and this pressure is. built up i by the circulating mercury, until it forces the mercury downward in the casing 3 .to

a suflicien't extent to break the seal or un A -cover the end of `tube 12 permitting the gas under pressure to pass backward through` the tube 12-aud into the casingr 2, whence it again passes through the helical tube.

In the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3.

lwhich shows the compressor associated with an expansion chamber. constituting as a the compressor coil is inclined to the axis about which Athe supporting frame 41 re-` volves. As shown the compressor comprises a helical coil 42 of tubing of uniform diameter, of conical form, or graduallytapering from its upper. receiving end to its lower discharge end, so that the same effect of decreasing volume per turn of the helix is produced, as is produced in the conduit of decreasing cross section shown in Fig. 1. Said coil connects the receiving and delivery chambers 43--44. w hich are further connected by a conduit 45 extending axially of the compressor coil for the purpose of returning thecompressor liquid from adjacent the discharge end of the coil to the inlet end lthereof.

The compressed fluid is conductedvfrom the chamber 44 through a passage surrounding the conduit 45 and a condenser coil 46 to a chamber 47, Which is adapted to communicate with vthe evaporation chamber 21a through a conduit.

The ends of the compressor are supported in ball bearings in the frame 41 While the connection between the compressor and evaporation chamber is prevented from rotating by a universal, gimbal joint comprising a ring 60 having two sets of axial studs 60-60", arranged at right .angles to each other, so that as the machine is operated the compressor or coil will have the same motion as the helical passage in the form of compressor illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. The studs 60 are journaled in the wall of the inclosure 701 and the studs 60h are journaled in the tube connecting the compressor and the expansion chamber.

VCommunication between the chambers 47-21 is controlled by a float -valve 5() which is so shaped and, proportioned that it is opened intermittingly to admit charges of the condensed compressed fluid to the evaporation c-hamber 21,

This float valve is fully described in the parent application to which referenece is made for a more complete disclosure thereof.

The frame `41 is rotated by an electric motor 60 mounted in the frame on thel opposite side of the axis of the upright 4 from the compressor.' As shown, the armature of the motor is provided with a pinion 61 that meshes with a gear 62' secured to the base in which the upright .4a is supported and current is supplied t0 the motor from two contact rigs 63-63 secured to said base the inclosure may be of suitable nonheat conducting material. c

It will, of course, be understood that the various views are more or less 4diagrammatic and that the several parts may be differently proportioned from those shown.

As before stated, and as is evident, the apparatus may be readily employed as'a vacuum pump. In such use the tube 18 will be connected with'the space to be evacuated `of its helix. the smaller end of said conduit being more remote from the axis of revolution than'the larger end thereof. two chambers communicating respectively with the ends of said conduit, and means for revolving` the conduit.

:2. In an apparatus Vfor the purpose dcscribed, the combination of a shaft-like support, a helically formed ,conduit of decreasing volume per turn carriedh by4 Saidsupport in an inclined position, the larger end of the helix being at a less distance from the axis of said support than the Smaller end thereof. means for supplying liquid and fluid to be compressed to the larger end of the conduit. means for conducting compressed fluid from the smaller'end of said conduit, and means for revolving the conduit about the axis of the support.

3. In a fluid compressor, the combination of a rotor comprising a helica'lly formed conduit of decreasing volume per turn and. two chambers communicating respectively with the ends of said conduit. a body of .compressor liquid permanently contained within said rotor. means for supplying fluid to be compressed to the chamber at the larger end of the conduit helix. means for revolving the rotor about anaxis extending at an angle to the axis of said helix. means for withdrawing compressed fluid from the chamber at the snlaller end of the helix. and means for returning the compressor'liquid from the last said chamber to the chamber at the other end of the helix.

4. In a fluid compressor, the combination of a rotor comprising a helicallv formed conduit of decreasing volume per'turn and two chambers communicating respcctivelv with the ends of said conduit` a body of compressor liquid permanently contained with-- in said rotor` means for supplying -Huid to be compressed to the chamber at the larger end of the conduit helix, means for revolving the rotor about an axis extending at an angle to the axis of said helix. means for withdrawing compressed fiud from the chamber at the smaller end of the helix, and a conduit extending along the axis of the helix for returning the compressor liquid from the last said chamber to the chamber at the inlet end of the helix.

5. In a fluid compressor, the combination 'of a rotor comprising a helically formed conduit of decreasing volume per turn and two chambers communicating respectively with the ends of said conduit, a body of compressor liquid permanently contained within said rotor, means for supplying fluid to be compressed to the chamber at the larger end ofthe conduit helix, means for revolving Ithe rotor about an axis extending at an angle to the axis of said helix, means for `withdrawing compressed 'fluid from the chamber at the smaller end of the helix, and two concentric conduits `leading from the last said chamber, the inner ofqsaid conduits extending to `the chamber at the inlet end Yof the helix.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, a helically formed conduit supported to be moved in a circle about an axis forming an acute angle with the axis of its helix and exterior to theL helix, chambers communicating respectively with the ends of the conduit, a tubular return conduit between said chambers, and means/for moving said conduits about said exterior axis.

7. In an apparatus of the character described, a helically formed conduit arranged exterior to and with its axis at an acute angle to an axis of rotation, means for supplying liquid and fluid to the end of the conduit nearest the axis of rotation, meansvfor conducting compressed fluid from the other end of the conduit, a tubular return conduit to conduct said liquid away from said other end to the end nearest the axis of rotation, and means for revolving the conduit about said axis of rotation. I

8. In an apparatus of the character described, a helically formed conduit having,-

the axis of the helix arranged at an acute angle to an axis of rotation disposed exteriorly to the axis of the helixymeansfor alternately supplyingliquid and fluid to the end of the conduit nearest the axis of rotation and a vtubular return lconduitfor the liquid extending through the helix to said end.

9. In an apparatus of the character described, a helicallyformed conduit arranged to be moved in a circle about an axis inclined to the axis of the helix and spaced from the helix whereby different parts of the helix move throu h circles of different diameter, means for zternately supplying liquid and fluid to that end of the conduit which moves vthrough the circle of lesser diameter and a tube extending parallel to the axis of the helix for returning liquid from ythe high pressure to the lowl pressure end thereof.

10. In an apparatus of the character described,a helically formed conduit of decreasing volume per turn supported to be moved in a circle about an axis forming an acute angle with the axis of the helix and exterior to the helix, chambers communicating respectively with the ends of the conduit and means for moving the conduit about said exterior axis.

11. Ina'compressor, a casing containing a passage through which compressing liquid may circulate to compress a gaseous fluid, a rotary support whereon said casing is carried with one end farther removed from the axis of said support than the other and inlet and outlet passages for said fluid connected to said casing -at the yend nearest said axis.

V12. In a' compressor, a casing containing a passage through which a compressing liquid may circulate to compress a fluid, a rotary support on which said casing is carried with one end thereof farther removed from the rotational axis than the other, and flexible inlet and outlet tubes connected to the casing, for leading such fluid to and from the casing.`

13. In a compressor, a casing containing a passage through which a compressing liquid circulates to compress a fluid, a rotary support whereon said casing is carried at an inclination to the rotational axis and a counterweight on said support for said casing.

14. vIn a compressor, a body having a helical groove formed therein, a casing applied to said body and therewith forming a helical conduit of said groove, chambers connected respectively with the ends of said conduit, a compressing liquid in said conduit, a return conduit for returning com pressing liquid from one chamber to the other chamber and means for rotating said conduits to cause a circulation of the liquid through the same.

15. In apparatus of the kind described, a helical conduit having h-igh and low pressure chambers at its opposite ends and mounted to revolve about an axis inclined to its helical axis, a body of dense liquid contained in said conduit and chambers, means for supplying a lighter fluid to the 10W pressure chamber and conducting it from the high pressure chamber and means for returning the dense liquid to the low ressure chamber comprising -a tubular conduit extending into, and below the surface of saiddense liquid in the high pressure chamber.

In testimon whereof, I have hereunto set vmy hand at eW York, N. Y., this 22nd day of March, 1923.

JAY GRANT DE REMER,V 

